Traditional use: A cornerstone herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 2,000 years; used to harmonize the liver and gallbladder, relieve stagnant qi, resolve alternating chills and fevers, and treat emotional constraint, digestive tension, and prolapse conditions. 

Potential benefits: Saikosaponins demonstrate hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and adaptogenic activity; preliminary studies support liver protection, cortisol regulation, and potential antiviral and antitumour effects. 

Warnings: Rare but serious cases of hepatotoxicity and interstitial pneumonitis reported, particularly with Japanese Kampo formulas; avoid in pregnancy and with sedative medications; should be used in TCM-guided