Traditional use: Used by Native American peoples as an emetic, fever remedy, and topical treatment for skin growths, warts, and ringworm; also applied to treat respiratory congestion and sore throats. 

Potential benefits: The alkaloid sanguinarine demonstrates antimicrobial and anti-plaque properties (used in some dental products); research suggests anti-inflammatory and potential antitumor activity in vitro.

Warnings: Highly toxic—internal use is dangerous and not recommended; topical "black salve" products can cause severe tissue destruction; avoid in pregnancy; not for self-prescription under any circumstances.