Traditional use: Used for centuries by Native American desert peoples—particularly the Pima, Papago, and Navajo—as a broad-spectrum remedy for arthritis, infections, skin conditions, and respiratory complaints, and as a potent antioxidant and anti-tumor agent in traditional cancer treatments. 

Potential benefits: NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) is one of the most potent plant antioxidants known, with demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activity in laboratory research; its traditional use reflects a broad antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential. 

Warnings: Serious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity documented in multiple case reports—linked to acute liver and kidney failure; the FDA and health authorities in multiple countries advise against internal use; contraindicated in pregnancy; not recommended for internal use under any circumstances.